Revisited: PGP Encryption/Decryption in Java

One of the most popular posts on my blog is my article about PGP Encryption and Decryption. I’ve had a lot of great questions as well as responses from user who have even been kind enough to post modifications to the original code to allow it to do more.

I thought I would revisit the post to provide a new version of the code that incorporated what some readers (Mateusz Klos, Juraj, and Sumit in particular) provided.

At the same time I thought I would upgrade the code to the latest library from Bouncy Castle. Yeah, so, boy did they change some things. The latest examples from Bouncy Castle use code that they have deprecated (they didn’t update their examples). There are no examples on how to use the new API’s or how to correct the deprecations. The API does mention (“use this instead”) which is great and more than most projects provide however it was only a part of the solution.

Anyway, after some time I’ve gotten the code to use the latest Bouncy Castle libraries (1.47).

The Code

First is the Util which does the real work. It has been upgraded to 1.47 and contains suggestions from readers. I should point out that two methods are from LockBox Lobs PGP Encryption tools. I didn’t see the point of requiring a rather LARGE library for two little methods so I just put them in here.


import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
import java.security.Provider;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.Security;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;

import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.bouncycastle.bcpg.ArmoredOutputStream;
import org.bouncycastle.bcpg.HashAlgorithmTags;
import org.bouncycastle.bcpg.PublicKeyAlgorithmTags;
import org.bouncycastle.bcpg.sig.KeyFlags;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPCompressedData;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPCompressedDataGenerator;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPEncryptedData;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPEncryptedDataGenerator;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPEncryptedDataList;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPException;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPLiteralData;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPLiteralDataGenerator;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPObjectFactory;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPOnePassSignature;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPOnePassSignatureList;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPPrivateKey;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPPublicKey;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPPublicKeyEncryptedData;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPPublicKeyRing;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPPublicKeyRingCollection;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSecretKey;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSecretKeyRing;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSecretKeyRingCollection;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSignature;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSignatureGenerator;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSignatureList;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSignatureSubpacketGenerator;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSignatureSubpacketVector;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPUtil;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.PBESecretKeyDecryptor;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.PGPContentSignerBuilder;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.bc.BcPBESecretKeyDecryptorBuilder;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.bc.BcPGPContentSignerBuilder;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.bc.BcPGPContentVerifierBuilderProvider;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.bc.BcPGPDataEncryptorBuilder;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.bc.BcPGPDigestCalculatorProvider;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.bc.BcPublicKeyDataDecryptorFactory;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.bc.BcPublicKeyKeyEncryptionMethodGenerator;

public class PGPUtils {

    private static final int   BUFFER_SIZE = 1 << 16; // should always be power of 2
    private static final int   KEY_FLAGS = 27;
    private static final int[] MASTER_KEY_CERTIFICATION_TYPES = new int[]{
    	PGPSignature.POSITIVE_CERTIFICATION,
    	PGPSignature.CASUAL_CERTIFICATION,
    	PGPSignature.NO_CERTIFICATION,
    	PGPSignature.DEFAULT_CERTIFICATION
    };

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static PGPPublicKey readPublicKey(InputStream in)
    	throws IOException, PGPException
    {

        PGPPublicKeyRingCollection keyRingCollection = new PGPPublicKeyRingCollection(PGPUtil.getDecoderStream(in));

        //
        // we just loop through the collection till we find a key suitable for encryption, in the real
        // world you would probably want to be a bit smarter about this.
        //
        PGPPublicKey publicKey = null;

        //
        // iterate through the key rings.
        //
        Iterator<PGPPublicKeyRing> rIt = keyRingCollection.getKeyRings();

        while (publicKey == null && rIt.hasNext()) {
            PGPPublicKeyRing kRing = rIt.next();
            Iterator<PGPPublicKey> kIt = kRing.getPublicKeys();
            while (publicKey == null && kIt.hasNext()) {
                PGPPublicKey key = kIt.next();
                if (key.isEncryptionKey()) {
                    publicKey = key;
                }
            }
        }

        if (publicKey == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can't find public key in the key ring.");
        }
        if (!isForEncryption(publicKey)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("KeyID " + publicKey.getKeyID() + " not flagged for encryption.");
        }

        return publicKey;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public static PGPSecretKey readSecretKey(InputStream in)
		throws IOException, PGPException
	{

        PGPSecretKeyRingCollection keyRingCollection = new PGPSecretKeyRingCollection(PGPUtil.getDecoderStream(in));

        //
        // We just loop through the collection till we find a key suitable for signing.
        // In the real world you would probably want to be a bit smarter about this.
        //
        PGPSecretKey secretKey = null;

        Iterator<PGPSecretKeyRing> rIt = keyRingCollection.getKeyRings();
        while (secretKey == null && rIt.hasNext()) {
            PGPSecretKeyRing keyRing = rIt.next();
            Iterator<PGPSecretKey> kIt = keyRing.getSecretKeys();
            while (secretKey == null && kIt.hasNext()) {
                PGPSecretKey key = kIt.next();
                if (key.isSigningKey()) {
                    secretKey = key;
                }
            }
        }

        // Validate secret key
        if (secretKey == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can't find private key in the key ring.");
        }
        if (!secretKey.isSigningKey()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Private key does not allow signing.");
        }
        if (secretKey.getPublicKey().isRevoked()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Private key has been revoked.");
        }
        if (!hasKeyFlags(secretKey.getPublicKey(), KeyFlags.SIGN_DATA)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Key cannot be used for signing.");
        }

        return secretKey;
    }

    /**
     * Load a secret key ring collection from keyIn and find the private key corresponding to
     * keyID if it exists.
     *
     * @param keyIn input stream representing a key ring collection.
     * @param keyID keyID we want.
     * @param pass passphrase to decrypt secret key with.
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws PGPException
     * @throws NoSuchProviderException
     */
    public  static PGPPrivateKey findPrivateKey(InputStream keyIn, long keyID, char[] pass)
    	throws IOException, PGPException, NoSuchProviderException
    {
        PGPSecretKeyRingCollection pgpSec = new PGPSecretKeyRingCollection(PGPUtil.getDecoderStream(keyIn));
        return findPrivateKey(pgpSec.getSecretKey(keyID), pass);

    }

    /**
     * Load a secret key and find the private key in it
     * @param pgpSecKey The secret key
     * @param pass passphrase to decrypt secret key with
     * @return
     * @throws PGPException
     */
    public static PGPPrivateKey findPrivateKey(PGPSecretKey pgpSecKey, char[] pass)
    	throws PGPException
    {
    	if (pgpSecKey == null) return null;

        PBESecretKeyDecryptor decryptor = new BcPBESecretKeyDecryptorBuilder(new BcPGPDigestCalculatorProvider()).build(pass);
        return pgpSecKey.extractPrivateKey(decryptor);
    }

    /**
     * decrypt the passed in message stream
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public static void decryptFile(InputStream in, OutputStream out, InputStream keyIn, char[] passwd)
    	throws Exception
    {
    	Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());

        in = org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPUtil.getDecoderStream(in);

        PGPObjectFactory pgpF = new PGPObjectFactory(in);
        PGPEncryptedDataList enc;

        Object o = pgpF.nextObject();
        //
        // the first object might be a PGP marker packet.
        //
        if (o instanceof  PGPEncryptedDataList) {
            enc = (PGPEncryptedDataList) o;
        } else {
            enc = (PGPEncryptedDataList) pgpF.nextObject();
        }

        //
        // find the secret key
        //
        Iterator<PGPPublicKeyEncryptedData> it = enc.getEncryptedDataObjects();
        PGPPrivateKey sKey = null;
        PGPPublicKeyEncryptedData pbe = null;

        while (sKey == null && it.hasNext()) {
            pbe = it.next();

            sKey = findPrivateKey(keyIn, pbe.getKeyID(), passwd);
        }

        if (sKey == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Secret key for message not found.");
        }

        InputStream clear = pbe.getDataStream(new BcPublicKeyDataDecryptorFactory(sKey));

        PGPObjectFactory plainFact = new PGPObjectFactory(clear);

        Object message = plainFact.nextObject();

        if (message instanceof  PGPCompressedData) {
            PGPCompressedData cData = (PGPCompressedData) message;
            PGPObjectFactory pgpFact = new PGPObjectFactory(cData.getDataStream());

            message = pgpFact.nextObject();
        }

        if (message instanceof  PGPLiteralData) {
            PGPLiteralData ld = (PGPLiteralData) message;

            InputStream unc = ld.getInputStream();
            int ch;

            while ((ch = unc.read()) >= 0) {
                out.write(ch);
            }
        } else if (message instanceof  PGPOnePassSignatureList) {
            throw new PGPException("Encrypted message contains a signed message - not literal data.");
        } else {
            throw new PGPException("Message is not a simple encrypted file - type unknown.");
        }

        if (pbe.isIntegrityProtected()) {
            if (!pbe.verify()) {
            	throw new PGPException("Message failed integrity check");
            }
        }
    }

    public static void encryptFile(
        OutputStream out,
        String fileName,
        PGPPublicKey encKey,
        boolean armor,
        boolean withIntegrityCheck)
        throws IOException, NoSuchProviderException, PGPException
    {
    	Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());

        if (armor) {
            out = new ArmoredOutputStream(out);
        }

        ByteArrayOutputStream bOut = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        PGPCompressedDataGenerator comData = new PGPCompressedDataGenerator(PGPCompressedData.ZIP);

        PGPUtil.writeFileToLiteralData(
                comData.open(bOut),
                PGPLiteralData.BINARY,
                new File(fileName) );

        comData.close();

        BcPGPDataEncryptorBuilder dataEncryptor = new BcPGPDataEncryptorBuilder(PGPEncryptedData.TRIPLE_DES);
        dataEncryptor.setWithIntegrityPacket(withIntegrityCheck);
        dataEncryptor.setSecureRandom(new SecureRandom());

        PGPEncryptedDataGenerator encryptedDataGenerator = new PGPEncryptedDataGenerator(dataEncryptor);
        encryptedDataGenerator.addMethod(new BcPublicKeyKeyEncryptionMethodGenerator(encKey));

        byte[] bytes = bOut.toByteArray();
        OutputStream cOut = encryptedDataGenerator.open(out, bytes.length);
        cOut.write(bytes);
        cOut.close();
        out.close();
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public static void signEncryptFile(
        OutputStream out,
        String fileName,
        PGPPublicKey publicKey,
        PGPSecretKey secretKey,
        String password,
        boolean armor,
        boolean withIntegrityCheck )
        throws Exception
    {

        // Initialize Bouncy Castle security provider
        Provider provider = new BouncyCastleProvider();
        Security.addProvider(provider);

        if (armor) {
            out = new ArmoredOutputStream(out);
        }

        BcPGPDataEncryptorBuilder dataEncryptor = new BcPGPDataEncryptorBuilder(PGPEncryptedData.TRIPLE_DES);
        dataEncryptor.setWithIntegrityPacket(withIntegrityCheck);
        dataEncryptor.setSecureRandom(new SecureRandom());

        PGPEncryptedDataGenerator encryptedDataGenerator = new PGPEncryptedDataGenerator(dataEncryptor);
        encryptedDataGenerator.addMethod(new BcPublicKeyKeyEncryptionMethodGenerator(publicKey));

        OutputStream encryptedOut = encryptedDataGenerator.open(out, new byte[PGPUtils.BUFFER_SIZE]);

        // Initialize compressed data generator
        PGPCompressedDataGenerator compressedDataGenerator = new PGPCompressedDataGenerator(PGPCompressedData.ZIP);
        OutputStream compressedOut = compressedDataGenerator.open(encryptedOut, new byte [PGPUtils.BUFFER_SIZE]);

        // Initialize signature generator
        PGPPrivateKey privateKey = findPrivateKey(secretKey, password.toCharArray());

        PGPContentSignerBuilder signerBuilder = new BcPGPContentSignerBuilder(secretKey.getPublicKey().getAlgorithm(),
                HashAlgorithmTags.SHA1);

        PGPSignatureGenerator signatureGenerator = new PGPSignatureGenerator(signerBuilder);
        signatureGenerator.init(PGPSignature.BINARY_DOCUMENT, privateKey);

        boolean firstTime = true;
        Iterator<String> it = secretKey.getPublicKey().getUserIDs();
        while (it.hasNext() && firstTime) {
            PGPSignatureSubpacketGenerator spGen = new PGPSignatureSubpacketGenerator();
            spGen.setSignerUserID(false, it.next());
            signatureGenerator.setHashedSubpackets(spGen.generate());
            // Exit the loop after the first iteration
            firstTime = false;
        }
        signatureGenerator.generateOnePassVersion(false).encode(compressedOut);

        // Initialize literal data generator
        PGPLiteralDataGenerator literalDataGenerator = new PGPLiteralDataGenerator();
        OutputStream literalOut = literalDataGenerator.open(
            compressedOut,
            PGPLiteralData.BINARY,
            fileName,
            new Date(),
            new byte [PGPUtils.BUFFER_SIZE] );

        // Main loop - read the "in" stream, compress, encrypt and write to the "out" stream
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(fileName);
        byte[] buf = new byte[PGPUtils.BUFFER_SIZE];
        int len;
        while ((len = in.read(buf)) > 0) {
            literalOut.write(buf, 0, len);
            signatureGenerator.update(buf, 0, len);
        }

        in.close();
        literalDataGenerator.close();
        // Generate the signature, compress, encrypt and write to the "out" stream
        signatureGenerator.generate().encode(compressedOut);
        compressedDataGenerator.close();
        encryptedDataGenerator.close();
        if (armor) {
            out.close();
        }
    }

    public static boolean verifyFile(
    	InputStream in,
        InputStream keyIn,
        String extractContentFile)
        throws Exception
    {
        in = PGPUtil.getDecoderStream(in);

        PGPObjectFactory pgpFact = new PGPObjectFactory(in);
        PGPCompressedData c1 = (PGPCompressedData)pgpFact.nextObject();

        pgpFact = new PGPObjectFactory(c1.getDataStream());

        PGPOnePassSignatureList p1 = (PGPOnePassSignatureList)pgpFact.nextObject();

        PGPOnePassSignature ops = p1.get(0);

        PGPLiteralData p2 = (PGPLiteralData)pgpFact.nextObject();

        InputStream dIn = p2.getInputStream();

        IOUtils.copy(dIn, new FileOutputStream(extractContentFile));

        int ch;
        PGPPublicKeyRingCollection pgpRing = new PGPPublicKeyRingCollection(PGPUtil.getDecoderStream(keyIn));

        PGPPublicKey key = pgpRing.getPublicKey(ops.getKeyID());

        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(p2.getFileName());

        ops.init(new BcPGPContentVerifierBuilderProvider(), key);

        while ((ch = dIn.read()) >= 0)
        {
            ops.update((byte)ch);
            out.write(ch);
        }

        out.close();

        PGPSignatureList p3 = (PGPSignatureList)pgpFact.nextObject();
        return ops.verify(p3.get(0));
    }

    /**
     * From LockBox Lobs PGP Encryption tools.
     * http://www.lockboxlabs.org/content/downloads
     *
     * I didn't think it was worth having to import a 4meg lib for three methods
     * @param key
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean isForEncryption(PGPPublicKey key)
    {
        if (key.getAlgorithm() == PublicKeyAlgorithmTags.RSA_SIGN
            || key.getAlgorithm() == PublicKeyAlgorithmTags.DSA
            || key.getAlgorithm() == PublicKeyAlgorithmTags.EC
            || key.getAlgorithm() == PublicKeyAlgorithmTags.ECDSA)
        {
            return false;
        }

        return hasKeyFlags(key, KeyFlags.ENCRYPT_COMMS | KeyFlags.ENCRYPT_STORAGE);
    }

    /**
     * From LockBox Lobs PGP Encryption tools.
     * http://www.lockboxlabs.org/content/downloads
     *
     * I didn't think it was worth having to import a 4meg lib for three methods
     * @param key
     * @return
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	private static boolean hasKeyFlags(PGPPublicKey encKey, int keyUsage) {
        if (encKey.isMasterKey()) {
            for (int i = 0; i != PGPUtils.MASTER_KEY_CERTIFICATION_TYPES.length; i++) {
                for (Iterator<PGPSignature> eIt = encKey.getSignaturesOfType(PGPUtils.MASTER_KEY_CERTIFICATION_TYPES[i]); eIt.hasNext();) {
                    PGPSignature sig = eIt.next();
                    if (!isMatchingUsage(sig, keyUsage)) {
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            for (Iterator<PGPSignature> eIt = encKey.getSignaturesOfType(PGPSignature.SUBKEY_BINDING); eIt.hasNext();) {
                PGPSignature sig = eIt.next();
                if (!isMatchingUsage(sig, keyUsage)) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * From LockBox Lobs PGP Encryption tools.
     * http://www.lockboxlabs.org/content/downloads
     *
     * I didn't think it was worth having to import a 4meg lib for three methods
     * @param key
     * @return
     */
    private static boolean isMatchingUsage(PGPSignature sig, int keyUsage) {
        if (sig.hasSubpackets()) {
            PGPSignatureSubpacketVector sv = sig.getHashedSubPackets();
            if (sv.hasSubpacket(PGPUtils.KEY_FLAGS)) {
                // code fix suggested by kzt (see comments)
                if ((sv.getKeyFlags() == 0 && keyUsage) == 0) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

}

The PGPFileProcessor is a bean based implementation of calling the Util so that you can easily integrate with Spring.


import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPPublicKey;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSecretKey;

public class PGPFileProcessor {

    private String passphrase;
    private String publicKeyFileName;
    private String secretKeyFileName;
    private String inputFileName;
    private String outputFileName;
    private boolean asciiArmored = false;
    private boolean integrityCheck = true;

    public boolean encrypt() throws Exception {
        FileInputStream keyIn = new FileInputStream(publicKeyFileName);
        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(outputFileName);
        PGPUtils.encryptFile(out, inputFileName, PGPUtils.readPublicKey(keyIn), asciiArmored, integrityCheck);
        out.close();
        keyIn.close();
        return true;
    }

    public boolean signEncrypt() throws Exception {
        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(outputFileName);
        FileInputStream publicKeyIn = new FileInputStream(publicKeyFileName);
        FileInputStream secretKeyIn = new FileInputStream(secretKeyFileName);

        PGPPublicKey publicKey = PGPUtils.readPublicKey(publicKeyIn);
        PGPSecretKey secretKey = PGPUtils.readSecretKey(secretKeyIn);

        PGPUtils.signEncryptFile(
                out,
                this.getInputFileName(),
                publicKey,
                secretKey,
                this.getPassphrase(),
                this.isAsciiArmored(),
                this.isIntegrityCheck() );

        out.close();
        publicKeyIn.close();
        secretKeyIn.close();

        return true;
    }

    public boolean decrypt() throws Exception {
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(inputFileName);
        FileInputStream keyIn = new FileInputStream(secretKeyFileName);
        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(outputFileName);
        PGPUtils.decryptFile(in, out, keyIn, passphrase.toCharArray());
        in.close();
        out.close();
        keyIn.close();
        return true;
    }

    public boolean isAsciiArmored() {
            return asciiArmored;
    }

    public void setAsciiArmored(boolean asciiArmored) {
            this.asciiArmored = asciiArmored;
    }

    public boolean isIntegrityCheck() {
            return integrityCheck;
    }

    public void setIntegrityCheck(boolean integrityCheck) {
            this.integrityCheck = integrityCheck;
    }

    public String getPassphrase() {
            return passphrase;
    }

    public void setPassphrase(String passphrase) {
            this.passphrase = passphrase;
    }

    public String getPublicKeyFileName() {
            return publicKeyFileName;
    }

    public void setPublicKeyFileName(String publicKeyFileName) {
            this.publicKeyFileName = publicKeyFileName;
    }

    public String getSecretKeyFileName() {
            return secretKeyFileName;
    }

    public void setSecretKeyFileName(String secretKeyFileName) {
            this.secretKeyFileName = secretKeyFileName;
    }

    public String getInputFileName() {
            return inputFileName;
    }

    public void setInputFileName(String inputFileName) {
            this.inputFileName = inputFileName;
    }

    public String getOutputFileName() {
            return outputFileName;
    }

    public void setOutputFileName(String outputFileName) {
            this.outputFileName = outputFileName;
    }

}

Examples

The code is still set up in a bean standard manner to support easy integration with Spring. The examples are very simple but should give more than enough guidance for basic usage. If there is any confusion please ask.

public class Tester {

	private static final String PASSPHRASE = "test";

	private static final String DE_INPUT = "src/test/x.pgp";
	private static final String DE_OUTPUT = "src/test/x.txt";
	private static final String DE_KEY_FILE = "src/test/secring.skr";

	private static final String E_INPUT = "src/test/x.txt";
	private static final String E_OUTPUT = "src/test/x.pgp";
	private static final String E_KEY_FILE = "src/test/pubring.pkr";


	public static void testDecrypt() throws Exception {
		PGPFileProcessor p = new PGPFileProcessor();
		p.setInputFileName(DE_INPUT);
		p.setOutputFileName(DE_OUTPUT);
		p.setPassphrase(PASSPHRASE);
		p.setSecretKeyFileName(DE_KEY_FILE);
		System.out.println(p.decrypt());
	}

	public static void testEncrypt() throws Exception {
		PGPFileProcessor p = new PGPFileProcessor();
		p.setInputFileName(E_INPUT);
		p.setOutputFileName(E_OUTPUT);
		p.setPassphrase(PASSPHRASE);
		p.setPublicKeyFileName(E_KEY_FILE);
		System.out.println(p.encrypt());
	}
}

Conclusion

That’s it. I hope you don’t feel I’m cheating out of a post for this month but I thought this would be very helpful since so many people read the original post.

I should also warn that this code is not in my production env at work because we haven’t upgraded our encryption libraries yet. This means there could be a bug lurking in there somewhere. If you find one please tell me and I’ll correct it.

Question: (Lets see if anyone reads down this far): Would you prefer that I bundle the code into a little util jar to d/l to make it easier to use?

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